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Jiajing

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Jiajing (Chinese: 嘉靖; pinyin: Jiājìng; Wade–Giles: Chia-ching; lit. 'admirable tranquility'; 28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567) was the era name (nianhao) of the Jiajing Emperor, the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty. The Jiajing era lasted for 45 years, making it the second-longest era of the Ming. The era name "Jiajing" comes from the phrase "嘉靖殷邦" (jiajing yin bang; translated by James Legge, 1879: ..., but admirably and tranquilly presided over the regions of Yin, ...) in the chapter of Wuyi (, Against Luxurious Ease) in the Book of Documents. When the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, the Cabinet's candidate era names were the first "Mingliang" (明良; meaning 'a wise emperor and virtuous officials'), followed by "Shaozhi" (紹治; meaning 'inheriting the Hongzhi Restoration'), and the third "Jiajing".[1]

On 4 February 1567 (Jiajing 45, 14th day of the 12th month), the Longqing Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use the Jiajing era name. The following year, the era was changed to Longqing.[2]

Comparison table

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Jiajing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AD 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531
Sexagenary cycle Rénwǔ (壬午) Guǐwèi (癸未) Jiǎshēn (甲申) Yǐyǒu (乙酉) Bǐngxū (丙戌) Dīnghài (丁亥) Wùzǐ (戊子) Jǐchǒu (己丑) Gēngyín (庚寅) Xīnmǎo (辛卯)
Jiajing 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
AD 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541
Sexagenary cycle Rénchén (壬辰) Guǐsì (癸巳) Jiǎwǔ (甲午) Yǐwèi (乙未) Bǐngshēn (丙申) Dīngyǒu (丁酉) Wùxū (戊戌) Jǐhài (己亥) Gēngzǐ (庚子) Xīnchǒu (辛丑)
Jiajing 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
AD 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551
Sexagenary cycle Rényín (壬寅) Guǐmǎo (癸卯) Jiǎchén (甲辰) Yǐsì (乙巳) Bǐngwǔ (丙午) Dīngwèi (丁未) Wùshēn (戊申) Jǐyǒu (己酉) Gēngxū (庚戌) Xīnhài (辛亥)
Jiajing 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
AD 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561
Sexagenary cycle Rénzǐ (壬子) Guǐchǒu (癸丑) Jiǎyín (甲寅) Yǐmǎo (乙卯) Bǐngchén (丙辰) Dīngsì (丁巳) Wùwǔ (戊午) Jǐwèi (己未) Gēngshēn (庚申) Xīnyǒu (辛酉)
Jiajing 41 42 43 44 45
AD 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566
Sexagenary cycle Rénxū (壬戌) Guǐhài (癸亥) Jiǎzǐ (甲子) Yǐchǒu (乙丑) Bǐngyín (丙寅)

Other regimes' era names that existed during the same period

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  • China
    • Tianyuan (天淵, 1546): Ming period—era name of Tian Bin (田斌), leader of the Wenshang uprising in Shandong
    • Zaoli (造歷) or Longfei (龍飛) (1560–1562): Ming period—era name of Zhang Lian (張璉), leader of the peasant revolt in Guangdong
    • Dabao (大寶, 1565): Ming period—era name of Cai Boguan (蔡伯貫), leader of the peasant revolt in Sichuan
  • Vietnam
    • Quang Thiệu (光紹, 1516–1522): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Chiêu Tông
    • Thống Nguyên (統元, 1522–1526): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Cung Hoàng
    • Nguyên Hòa (元和, 1533–1548): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Trang Tông
    • Quang Chiếu (光照, 1533–1536): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Hiến, Prince Đại (代王 黎憲)
    • Thuận Bình (順平, 1548–1556): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Trung Tông
    • Thiên Hựu (天祐, 1557): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Anh Tông
    • Chính Trị (正治, 1558–1571): Later Lê dynasty—era name of Lê Anh Tông
    • Minh Đức (明德, 1527–1529): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Đăng Dung
    • Đại Chính (大正, 1530–1540): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Thái Tông
    • Quảng Hòa (廣和, 1541–1546): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Hiến Tông
    • Vĩnh Định (永定, 1547): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
    • Cảnh Lịch (景歷, 1548–1555): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
    • Quang Bảo (光寶, 1555–1564): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
    • Thuần Phúc (淳福, 1565–1568): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
    • Sùng Khang (崇康, 1568–1578): Mạc dynasty—era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
  • Japan

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Jiang Yikui (蒋一葵). 堯山堂外紀·肅皇帝  [Yao shan tang wai ji, Su Huangdi] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 肅皇帝入繼紀元,內閣初擬明良,次嘉靖,次紹治,上時用嘉靖云。
  2. ^ History of Ming, Volume 19:〔嘉靖〕四十五年十二月庚子,世宗崩。壬子,即皇帝位。以明年為隆慶元年,大赦天下。

Bibliography

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Preceded by Ming dynasty era name
1522–1567
Succeeded by