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National Party (Uruguay)

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National Party
Partido Nacional
AbbreviationPN
LeaderLuis Lacalle Pou
PresidentMacarena Rubio
FounderManuel Oribe
Founded10 August 1836; 188 years ago (1836-08-10)
HeadquartersJuan Carlos Gómez 1384, Montevideo
Youth wingJuventud Partido Nacional
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right[5]
National affiliationRepublican Coalition
International affiliationCentrist Democrat International[6]
Regional affiliationCOPPPAL[7]
OCDA[8] (observer)
Colors   Blue and White
SloganLa unión nos hará fuerza ("Unity makes strength")
AnthemMarcha de Tres Árboles
Chamber of Deputies
30 / 99
Senate
10 / 30
Intendencias
15 / 19
Mayors
87 / 125
Party flag
Website
www.partidonacional.com.uy

The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional, PN) also known as the White Party (Spanish: Partido Blanco), is a major political party in Uruguay. Founded in 1836 by General Manuel Oribe, it is the country's oldest active political party, and along with the Colorado Party, its origin dates back to the establishment of Uruguay as an independent state.

Positioned on the centre-right of the political spectrum, the National Party is ideologically liberal, nationalist, Pan-Americanist and humanist.[9][10] Considering the interim co-government of the Gobierno del Cerrito headed by Manuel Oribe, and the Defense Government from Montevideo led by the Colorado Joaquín Suarez, in the middle of the Uruguayan Civil War, and with the exception of the current administration of Luis Lacalle Pou, the PN has ruled the country for 35 years interruptedly throughout its history.[11] Although Manuel Oribe is recognized as the party's founder, Aparicio Saravia is considered its idealist and main historical caudillo.[12]

The National Party is a defender of decentralization, and its demographic base skews toward people living in rural areas.[13]

History

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Shield of the National Party

The identity of the National Party dates back to 10 August 1836, when the then president Manuel Oribe decreed the use of the white banner with the inscription "Defenders of the Laws", in the battle of Carpintería, Oribe faced the revolutionary army of Fructuoso Rivera and colored badges were used to distinguish between the parties.[14] For this reason, the National Party is also known as the "White Party."[15]

On 7 July 1872, the first Program of Principles was approved, in which respect for freedoms, the maintenance of peace as the supreme good for the Nation, the representation of minorities, the decentralization of the country, the strengthening of justice, and the promotio of education and instruction.[14]

In March 2020, National Party's Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay, meaning Uruguay got the first conservative government after 15 years of left-wing leadership under the Broad Front coalition.[16]

Ideology and factions

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Positioned on the center-right of the political spectrum, the Uruguay National Party encompasses both conservative and liberal tendencies.[17] Ideologically, it has been described as liberal, nationalist, Pan-Americanist and humanist.[9] Additionally, in the party there is a lack of internal agreement on social issues such as the legalisation of abortion, euthanasia, the age of criminal responsibility and same-sex marriage.[18] However, over time, several sectors and the party's youth wing have demonstrated a favorable position on LGBT rights.[19]

Throughout its history, the National Party has had a strong base of votes in the interior of the country and support from rural voters, due to its historical policy of decentralization of power, compared to the capital's centralist and unitary policy of the Colorado Party.[20]

The National Party is composed of numerous sectors that encompass different ideologies that range from the center-right to the right-wing. The three main factions are the centrist and Christian democratic National Alliance, the economic liberal and conservative Herrerism, and the social-liberal Wilsonist Current.[21]

Electoral history

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Presidential elections

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Election Party candidate Running mate Votes % Votes % Result
First Round Second Round
Elections under the Ley de Lemas system
1938 114,506 32.1% — — Lost Red XN
1942 Luis Alberto de Herrera Roberto Berro 129,132 22.5% — — Lost Red XN
Turena Olivera 1,384 0.2% — —
Saraiva 667 0.1% — —
al lema 52 0.0% — —
Total votes 131,235 22.8% — —
1946 Luis Alberto de Herrera Martín Echegoyen 205,923 31.7% — — Lost Red XN
Basilio Muñoz José Rogelio Fontela 1,479 0.2% — —
Jacinto D. Durán 557 0.1% — —
al lema 161 0.0% — —
Total votes 208,120 47.8% — —
1950 Luis Alberto de Herrera Martín Echegoyen 253,077 30.7% — — Lost Red XN
Salvador Estradé Emeterio Arrospide 1,421 0.2% — —
al lema 336 0.0% — —
Total votes 254,843 30.9% — —
1966 Martín Echegoyen Dardo Ortiz 228,309 18.5% — — Lost Red XN
Alberto Gallinal Heber Zeballos 171,618 13.9% — —
Alberto Héber Usher Nicolás Storace Arrosa 96,772 7.9% — —
al lema 211 0.0% — —
Total votes 496,910 40.3% — —
1971 Wilson Ferreira Aldunate Carlos Julio Pereyra 439,649 26.4% — — Lost Red XN
Mario Aguerrondo Alberto Héber Usher 228,569 13.7% — —
al lema 211 0.0% — —
Total votes 668,822 40.2% — —
1984 Alberto Zumarán Gonzalo Aguirre 553,193 29.3 — — Lost Red XN
Dardo Ortiz 76,014 4.0 — —
Juan Carlos Payssé Cristina Maeso 21,903 1.2 — —
al lema 9,657 0.5 — —
Total votes 660,767 35.0% — —
1989 Luis Alberto Lacalle 444,839 21,63% — — Elected Green tickY
Carlos Julio Pereyra 218,656 10,63% — — Lost Red XN
Alberto Zumarán 101,046 04,91% — —
Lema 1,449 00,07% — —
Total votes 765,990 37,25% — —
1994 Alberto Volonté 301,655 14.9% — — Lost Red XN
Juan Andrés Ramírez 264,255 13.0% — —
Carlos Julio Pereyra 65,650 3.2% — —
Total votes 633,384 31.2% — —
Elections under single presidential candidate per party
1999 Luis Alberto Lacalle 478,980 22.3% — — Lost Red XN
2004 Jorge Larrañaga 764,739 34.30% — — Lost Red XN
2009 Luis Alberto Lacalle Jorge Larrañaga 669,942 29.07% 994,510 45.37% Lost Red XN
2014 Luis Lacalle Pou 732,601 30.88% 939,074 41.17% Lost Red XN
2019 Beatriz Argimón 696,452 29.70% 1,189,313 50.79% Elected Green tickY
2024 Álvaro Delgado Valeria Ripoll 655,426 28.20% 1,101,296 47.92% Lost Red XN

Note

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Under the electoral system in place at the time called Ley de Lemas system, each political party could have as many as three presidential candidates. The combined result of the votes for a party's candidates determined which party would control the executive branch, and whichever of the winning party's candidates finished in first place would be declared President this system was used form the 1942 election until the 1994 election until in 1996, a referendum amended the constitution to restrict each party to a single presidential candidate, effective from the 1999 elections.

Parliamentary elections

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Election Votes % Chamber seats +/– Position Senate seats +/- Position
1916 68,073 46.6%
105 / 218
 Increase 105 Increase 1st
1917 29,257 22.7% Unknown Decrease 3rd
1919 71,538 38.0%
56 / 123
 Increase 1st
1922 116,080 47.1%
58 / 123
 Increase 2 Steady 1st
1925 122,530 45.1%
56 / 123
 Decrease 2 Steady 1st
1928 140,940 47.1%
60 / 123
 Increase 4 Steady 1st
1931 133,625 43.2%
55 / 123
 Decrease 5 Steady 1st
1933 101,419 41.1%
117 / 284
 Increase 122 Decrease 2nd
1934 92,903 37.3%
39 / 99
 Decrease 138 Steady 2nd
15 / 30
 Increase 15 Increase 2nd
Senate 91,585 41.4%
1938 122,440 32.6%
29 / 99
 Decrease 10 Steady 2nd
15 / 30
 Steady Steady 2nd
Senate 114,571 31.7%
1942 199,265 34.6%
34 / 99
 Increase 5 Steady 2nd
7 / 30
 Decrease 8 Steady 2nd
Senate 131,235 22.8%
1946 271,037 40.4%
40 / 99
 Increase 6 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Increase 3 Steady 2nd
Senate 208,085 31.1%
1950 254,788 30.8%
31 / 99
 Decrease 9 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Steady Steady 2nd
Senate 254,834 30.4%
1954 309,818 35.2%
35 / 99
 Increase 4 Steady 2nd
11 / 31
 Increase 1 Steady 2nd
1958 499,425 49.7%
51 / 99
 Increase 16 Increase 1st
17 / 31
 Increase 6 Increase 1st
1962 545,029 46.5%
47 / 99
 Decrease 4 Steady 1st
15 / 31
 Decrease 2 Steady 1st
1966 496,910 40.3%
41 / 99
 Decrease 6 Decrease 2nd
13 / 30
 Decrease 2 Decrease 2nd
1971 668,822 40.2%
40 / 99
 Decrease 1 Steady 2nd
12 / 30
 Decrease 1 Steady 2nd
1984 660,767 35.1%
35 / 99
 Decrease 5 Steady 2nd
11 / 30
 Decrease 1 Steady 2nd
1989 765,990 37.25%
39 / 99
 Increase 4 Increase 1st
12 / 30
 Increase 1 Increase 1st
1994 633,384 31.1%
31 / 99
 Decrease 8 Decrease 2nd
10 / 31
 Decrease 2 Decrease 2nd
1999 478,980 22.3%
22 / 99
 Decrease 9 Decrease 3rd
7 / 30
 Decrease 3 Decrease 3rd
2004 764,739 34.30%
36 / 99
 Increase 14 Increase 2nd
11 / 30
 Increase 4 Increase 2nd
2009 669,942 29.07%
30 / 99
 Decrease 6 Steady 2nd
9 / 30
 Decrease 2 Steady 2nd
2014 732,601 30.88%
32 / 99
 Increase 2 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Increase 1 Steady 2nd
2019 696,452 29.70%
30 / 99
 Decrease 2 Steady 2nd
10 / 30
 Steady Steady 2nd

National Council of Administration and National Council of Government elections

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Election Votes % Council seats +/- Position
1925 119,255 49.3% Unknown Increase 1st
1926 139,959 48.4% Unknown Steady 1st
1928 141,055 48.2% Unknown Decrease 2nd
1930 149,339 47.2% Unknown Steady 2nd
1932 41,908 26.1% Unknown Steady 2nd
Abolished in 1933 re-established as National Council of Government
1954 309,818 35.2%
3 / 9
 Increase 3 2nd
1958 499,425 49.7%
6 / 9
 Increase 3 Increase 1st
1962 545,029 46.5%
6 / 9
 Steady Steady 1st
National Council abolished in 1966, presidential system reestablished

Note

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The National Council of Administration ruling alongside the President of the Republic between 1918 and 1933 and it was re-established as National Council of Government was the ruling body in Uruguay between 1952 and 1967.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Martínez, Magdalena (25 November 2019). "Luis Lacalle Pou, el peso de un apellido". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Declaración de Princípios del Partido Nacional". Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  3. ^ "El perfil ideológico del Partido Blanco" (in Spanish). República.com. 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017.
  4. ^ "Uruguay: El presidente Lacalle Pou y su partido, fortalecidos tras las elecciones locales". 28 September 2020.
  5. ^ [2][4]
  6. ^ "Parties".
  7. ^ "Países y Partidos Miembros de la COPPPAL".
  8. ^ "Partidos | ODCA.cl".
  9. ^ a b "Nuestro Partido > Declaración de Principios". 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  10. ^ "El centroderecha acaricia el poder en Uruguay". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 25 November 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  11. ^ Observador, El. "El misterio de los blancos". El Observador. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Aparicio Saravia". www.partidonacional.org.uy (in European Spanish). Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  13. ^ ElPais (2 August 2019). "Triunfo del Partido Nacional: después de 93 años volvió al poder". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Identidad e historia del Partido Nacional: para construir futuro, recordar quiénes somos y de dónde venimos" (PDF).[dead link‍]
  15. ^ "Portal FACTUM | Uruguay". portal.factum.uy. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  16. ^ "Uruguay ushers in first conservative government in 15 years".
  17. ^ Serna, Miguel (29 December 2020). "La ola conservadora en Uruguay: claves de la derrota electoral de la izquierda en 2019". Cahiers des Amériques latines (in Spanish). 1 (94): 229–252. doi:10.4000/cal.11685. ISSN 1141-7161.
  18. ^ "No al matrimonio homosexual y sí a la unión concubinaria" [No to same-sex marriage and yes to concubinal union]. Diario El País (in Spanish). Montevideo. 25 March 2009. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Debate interno en el Partido Nacional por despliegue de banderas de la diversidad en sede" [Internal debate in the National Party over the display of rainbow flags at its headquarters.]. Diario El País (in Spanish). 6 October 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  20. ^ Supervielle, Daniel (17 February 2024). "Tras el renacer de los colorados". El Observador. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  21. ^ Silva, Joaquín (23 May 2023). "Wilsonismo y Herrerismo, la discusión por las etiquetas que divide las aguas en el Partido Nacional". Diario El País. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
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